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Different Types of Machine Learning Algorithms

People often use machine learning as synonymous with Artificial Intelligence. In reality, machine learning is a subset of AI and is also known as predictive computing or predictive modeling. Almost all machine learning algorithms obtain and interpret input data to forecast output values within a permitted range.

When new information is provided to machine learning algorithms, they optimize their performance accordingly. Different types of machine learning algorithms have different programs that adapt the hidden patterns of the data to develop “intelligence” over time.

These different types of algorithms in machine learning can be used for performing different tasks. For instance, you can use simple linear regression for applications demanding prediction analysis, such as stock market prediction. Similarly, people can use the KNN algorithm for classification issues.

In this article, we will briefly understand the functionality and use cases of different types of machine learning algorithms and the future scope of machine learning.

Types of Algorithms in Machine Learning

Though we can carve out some variations in the different types of machine learning algorithms, commonly, they can be classified according to their main aim. Thus, this is the broad classification of machine learning algorithms.

  • Supervised learning
  • Unsupervised Learning
  • Semi-supervised Learning
  • Reinforcement Learning

1. Supervised Learning

People learn machine learning through examples in this category. Here, you provide the machine learning algorithm with a familiar dataset comprising preferred inputs and outputs. Then, the onus of determining how to reach those outputs and inputs is on the algorithm itself. Though the operator here already knows the right answer, it tests the algorithm when it recognizes data patterns, learns from its analysis, and produces predictions.

The operator corrects the errors in the predictions by this type of machine learning algorithm. This cycle of prediction and correction goes on till the algorithm attains the highest level of accuracy and performance.  Classification, Forecasting, and Regression are the types of supervised machine learning algorithms.

  • Classification- The machine learning algorithm draws deduction through observed values and determines from which category the new analyses come in the classification tasks. For instance, during determining whether the emails are ‘spam’ or ‘not spam, this algorithm has to analyze the current observational information and arrange the emails based on that.
  • Regression- During the regression program, the machine learning algorithm has to calculate and comprehend– the associations among variables. It targets a single dependent variable and a string of other variables. Hence, it becomes specifically helpful for forecasting and predictions.
  • Forecasting- The method of making future predictions by studying the present and past data is known as forecasting. It is typically used to examine trends.

2. Unsupervised learning

Among the different types of machine learning algorithms, unsupervised learning is a challenging one. It analyzes data to identify patterns; however, there are no predefined answers or instructions from a human operator. So, the algorithm concludes by analyzing on the basis of available data.

The algorithm has to arrange large data sets on its own even to describe and organize the data. However, as it analyzes large amounts of data, it can refine it and make better predictions over time. Clustering algorithms and Dimension reduction fall under this category.

  • Clustering involves assembling sets of related data (based on defined criteria). People use it to divide data into various categories and analyze each piece of data to look for trends.
  • When determining the precise information needed, dimension reduction decreases the number of factors taken into account.

3. Semi-supervised Learning

It’s a machine learning algorithm that uses labeled and unlabelled data, comparable to supervised learning. Unlabelled data is information with no meaningful tags, whereas labeled data has them so the algorithm can interpret it. Machine learning algorithms can learn to label unlabeled data using this combination.


4. Reinforcement Learning

There are different types of algorithms in machine learning, among which reinforcement learning targets regimented learning processes. Here, a machine learning program is given a set of actions, framework, and set values. So, the algorithm first defines the rules and then strives to analyze different alternatives and possibilities.

This way, it monitors and evaluates each outcome to determine the most suitable one. The process acquaints the machine with trial and error. It gains knowledge from past incidences and adapts its procedure according to the circumstances to gain the desired outcome.

Read Also – Difference Between Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning


The Most Common Type of Machine Learning Platforms

1. Linear Regression-

It is one of the most famous and simple types of machine learning algorithms. Linear regression works with predictive analysis where it makes predictions about constant numbers such as age, income, etc. It portrays the linear relationship between dependent and independent variables. In addition, it strives to best fit a line between these variables which is called the regression line.


2. Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm (Supervised Learning – Classification)-

Based on the Bayes theorem, the Naive Bayes classifier is a type of machine learning algorithm that classifies each value as independent of every other value. It enables us to forecast a class or category using probability utilizing a given set of features. Despite its simplicity, the classifier performs admirably and is frequently used because it outperforms more complex classification techniques.


3. K Means Clustering Algorithm (Unsupervised Learning – Clustering)-

An unsupervised type of machine learning algorithm like the K Means Clustering method is used to classify unlabelled data or data without clearly defined categories or groups. The method finds groups in the data, with the variable K indicating the total number of groups found.


4. Support Vector Machines Algorithm (Supervised Learning – Classification)-

It is a different type of machine learning algorithm that analyze the data used in classification and regression analysis. These are supervised models of learning. By giving a set of training examples, each set of which is flagged as falling into either of the two categories, they essentially categorize the data. The algorithm then creates a model that gives new values to either one or both categories.


5. Logistic Regression (Supervised learning – Classification)-

The main goal of logistic regression is to calculate the likelihood of an event happening, given the available historical data. It covers a binary dependent variable, which only has two possible values for outcomes: 0 and 1.


6. Artificial Neural Networks (Reinforcement Learning)-

Each layer here comprises ‘units’ connected to layers on either side in this type of machine learning algorithm. Biological systems, like the brain, and the way they process information are the inspiration for ANNs. In essence, ANNs are a big collection of interconnected processing units collaborating to address particular issues.

ANNs are highly helpful for non-linear modeling relationships in high-dimensional data or in situations where the relationship between the input variables is challenging to interpret. They also learn by doing and by experience.

Read Also – Best Artificial Intelligence Movies You Must Watch


7. Random Forests (Supervised Learning – Classification/Regression)-

Random forests, sometimes known as “random decision forests,” are a different type of machine learning algorithm that combines different algorithms to produce better classification, regression, and other task-related results. Although each classifier works best when combined, they are all weak individually.

Input is entered at the top of the algorithm’s “decision tree,” which represents decisions that resemble a tree. The data is then split into smaller sets based on specific variables as it moves down the tree.


8. Nearest Neighbours (Supervised Learning)-

The K-Nearest-Neighbor technique calculates the probability that a data point belongs to one group or another. This is again a different type of machine learning algorithm that decides which group a certain data point belongs to. It essentially examines the data points around that point.

For instance, if a data point is located on a grid and the algorithm is attempting to identify which group it belongs to (for instance, Group A or Group B), it would examine nearby data points to establish which group the majority of the points are located in.

Read Also – Artificial Intelligence Software for Windows PC


Conclusion

There are many factors to consider while selecting from the different machine learning algorithms for your company’s analytics. To apply these models for your business, you don’t need to be a data scientist or highly skilled statistician. You can hire an expert who has holistic knowledge of machine learning and the functions of its subsets. Finally, you can leave the selection on this resource and optimize your outcome.

By Khatija Bano

A writer by heart and profession, Khatija has been writing with years of experience in content & copies. She keeps her focus on delivering value to the readers with verified information. When not nerding out over writing or reading, you can find her binge-watching thrillers.

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